The origins of environment and behavior at clark: Recollections from pre- and neonatal life

This paper provides an account of developments and events in the Departments of Geography and Psychology at Clark University during the 1960s that led up the establishment at Clark of a flourishing, though largely informal program of graduate training and research in environment-and-behavior, involving close collaboration among members of these two departments. The paper concludes with some reflections on the structural problems besetting the development of new interdisciplinary programs at the graduate level, such as the field of environment-and-behavior appears to call for. The history of the experience at Clark (as at other institutions), it is suggested, points to more informal devices and arrangements that do not explicitly challenge the established disciplinary order as more likely to be crowned with success.     

Evaluation of a vertical frozen soil barrier at oak ridge national laboratory

Arctic Foundations, Inc. (AFI), of Anchorage, Alaska, has developed a freeze barrier system designed to hydraulically isolate a contaminant source area. The system can be used for long‐term or temporary containment of groundwater until appropriate remediation techniques can be applied. The technology was evaluated under the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program at the United States Department of Energy's (DOE's) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. For the demonstration, an array of freeze pipes called “thermoprobes” was installed to a depth of 30 feet below ground surface around a former waste collection pond and keyed into bedrock. The system was used to establish an impermeable frozen soil barrier to hydraulically isolate the pond. Demonstration personnel collected independent data to evaluate the technology's performance. A variety of evaluation tools were used—including a groundwater dye tracing investigation, groundwater elevation measurements, and subsurface soil temperature data—to determine the effectiveness of the freeze barrier system in preventing horizontal groundwater flow beyond the limits of the frozen soil barrier. Data collected during the demonstration provided evidence that the frozen soil barrier was effective in hydraulically isolating the pond.     

Toxizitätsänderungen in Photoreaktionen von Azaarenen

The azaarenes and the structurally analogous PAH accompany each other and occur ubiquitously in nature. Photochemical conversions like direct photolysis or the photoreaction with nitrate are important natural degradation reactions of azaarenes. Furthermore, photoreactions with chlorine and bromine radicals can be expected in nature. The reactions generate a large number of oxidized, nitrated and halogenated products with unknown toxicity. In this paper, a first screening of changes is reported in acute toxicity during the course of the photochemical reactions. As test system luminescent bacteria are used. For quinoline, isoquinoline and phthalazine the investigations show different changes of the toxicity of the reaction mixtures in dependence on the respective reaction type. The toxicity of the reaction mixtures of quinazoline and quinoxaline increases in all reactions investigated. Furthermore the reactions of bromine radicals with azaarenes also show an increase of the toxicity in all cases. Compared with the azaarenes in all reactions products with significantly higher toxicity are formed.     

Stochastic Multi-species MSY to Achieve Ecological-Economic Sustainability of a Coral Reef Fishery System in French Polynesia

Environmental Modeling & Assessment - This paper investigates the ecological-economic sustainability of coral reef socio-ecological systems under fishing and environmental pressures. To achieve...